Metallicity: A Problem for Secular Cosmology

Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe.  It is the lightest element, consisting of one proton encircled by one electron.  About 91% of the atoms in the universe are hydrogen.  Helium is the next most abundant.  It is the second-lightest element, consisting of two protons and two neutrons in the nucleus, encircled by two electrons.  Helium constitutes just under 9% of the atoms in the universe.  All the remaining elements combined constitute less than 1%.  Astronomers refer to these heavier elements as metals.  In astronomy, a metal is any element with an atomic number higher than 2.  Note that this is different from the definition used by chemists.  In astronomy metals include elements like oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon.  Metals pose a serious challenge for advocates of the big bang and secular models of galaxy evolution.  But they are a feature and natural expectation of biblical creation.

New James Webb Space Telescope Observations Challenge the Big Bang

New observations of the angular sizes of distant galaxies challenge one of the essential underlying assumptions of the big bang – that the “fabric” of space is expanding as galaxies recede.  Without an expanding space, a big bang is impossible.  These observations support a new creation-based model of cosmology – the Doppler model – which makes specific quantitative predictions about future observations.

Mature Galaxies Continue to Challenge Secular Models

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has again revealed evidence that challenges the secular origins story and confirms biblical creation.  A team of researchers has discovered evidence of a barred spiral galaxy in the distant universe.  This is further evidence that mature galaxies exist at a distance where the secular view predicted only “infant” galaxies should exist.

JuMBOs in the Orion Nebula

New images from the James Webb Space Telescope have revealed a previously unknown class of objects: Jupiter Mass Binary Objects (JuMBOs).  These are free-floating objects that orbit their common center of mass, not a star.  The existence of such objects challenges secular formation scenarios and provides new insight for creation research.